Zvinokosha Zvinokosha

Mamiriro ekuteerera

Isu tinotenda zvakasimba kuti internet inofanirwa kuwanikwa uye kuwanikwa nemunhu wese, uye takazvipira kupa webhusaiti iyo inosvikika kune vateereri vakawanda, zvisinei nemamiriro uye kugona.

Kuti tizadzise izvi, tinovavarira kutevedzera zvakanyanya sezvinobvira kuWorld Wide Web Consortium's (W3C) Webhu Zvemukati Zvekuwanika Nongedzo 2.1 (WCAG 2.1) padanho reAA. Aya mazano anotsanangura maitiro ekuita kuti zvemukati zvewebhu zviwanikwe kune vanhu vane hurema hwakawanda. Kuteerana neaya marongero kunotibatsira kuve nechokwadi chekuti webhusaiti yacho inowanikwa kune vanhu vese: mapofu, vanhu vane kukanganiswa kwemotokari, kutadza kuona, kuremara kwekuziva, nezvimwe.

Iyi webhusaiti inoshandisa matekinoroji akasiyana akaitirwa kuti iwanikwe seinogoneka nguva dzese. Isu tinoshandisa inowanikwa inowanikwa inobvumidza vanhu vakaremara chaiko kugadzirisa iyo webhusaiti UI (mushandisi interface) uye kuigadzira kune yavo yega zvido.

Pamusoro pezvo, webhusaiti inoshandisa AI-yakavakirwa application iyo inomhanya kumashure uye inokwidziridza danho rekuwanikwa kwayo nguva dzose. Ichi chishandiso chinogadzirisa HTML yewebhusaiti, inogadzirisa mashandiro ayo uye maitiro kune vanoverenga skrini inoshandiswa nevashandisi vasingaoni, uye ne keyboard mabasa anoshandiswa nevanhu vane mota dzakaremara.

Kana iwe wawana kusashanda zvakanaka kana uine mazano ekuvandudza, isu tichafara kunzwa kubva kwauri. Iwe unogona kusvika kune vashandisi vewebhusaiti uchishandisa iyo inotevera email [email inodzivirirwa]

Screen-reader uye keyboard keyboard

Yedu webhusaiti inoisa hunhu hweAARIA (Inowanikwa Inopfuma Internet Zvishandiso) maitiro, padhuze neakasiyana maitiro ekuchinja, kuona vashandisi vasingaone vanoshanya nevanoverenga-screen vanokwanisa kuverenga, kunzwisisa, uye kunakidzwa nemabasa ewebsite. Kana munhu anoshandisa screen-muverengi angopinda muwebhusaiti yako, vanobva vatambira chiratidziro chekupinda Screen-Reader Mbiri kuti vakwanise kutarisa nekushandisa saiti yako zvinobudirira. Heano maitiro ekuti webhusaiti yedu inovhara zvimwe zvezvinonyanya kukosha screen-kuverenga zvinodiwa, padhuze neconsoon screenshots yemakodhi mienzaniso:

1. Screen-reader optimization: isu tinomhanyisa maitiro ekumashure anodzidza zvikamu zvewebhusaiti kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi, kuve nechokwadi chekuteerera kuenderera kunyangwe pakuvandudza webhusaiti. Mukuita uku, tinopa vanoverenga skrini vane ruzivo ruzivo vachishandisa ARIA seti yehunhu. Semuenzaniso, tinopa mavara emafomu echokwadi; tsananguro yezvinogona kuita mifananidzo (social media icons, yekutsvaga icons, ngoro mifananidzo, nezvimwewo); nhungamiro yekusimbisa yezvinyorwa zvefomu; zvinhu zvakadai semabhatani, menyu, modal dialogues (popups), nezvimwe. Pamusoro pezvo, maitiro ekumashure anotarisisa mifananidzo yese yewebhusaiti uye inopa yakarurama uye ine musoro mufananidzo-chinhu-kuzivikanwa-yakavakirwa tsananguro seAlT (alternate text) tag yemifananidzo isina kutsanangurwa. Ichabvisawo zvinyorwa zvakanyudzwa mukati memufananidzo, uchishandisa OCR (optical character recognition) tekinoroji. Kuti ubatidze zvigadziriso zvescreen-reader chero nguva, vashandisi vanongoda kudzvanya Alt+1 keyboard musanganiswa. Vashandisi veScreen-reader vanowanawo zviziviso zve otomatiki kuti ubatidze iyo Screen-reader modhi pavanongopinda pawebhusaiti.

   Idzo gadziridzo dzinoenderana nevose vanozivikanwa screen vaverengi, kusanganisira JAWS uye NVDA.

2. Keyboard navigation optimization: Iyo yekumashure maitiro zvakare inogadzirisa iyo webhusaiti HTML, uye inowedzera akasiyana maitiro uchishandisa JavaScript kodhi kuita kuti webhusaiti ishande nekhibhodi. Izvi zvinosanganisira kugona kufamba pawebhusaiti uchishandisa iyo Tab uye Shift + Tab makiyi, shandisa madonhwe nemakiyi emiseve, kuvhara neEsc, mabhatani ekutanga uye zvinongedzo uchishandisa Enter kiyi, famba pakati peredhiyo nebhokisi rekutarisa zvinhu uchishandisa miseve makiyi, uye vazadze neSpacebar kana Enter key.Uyezve, vashandisi vekhibhodi vachawana kukurumidza-kutenderera uye zvinyorwa-skip menyu, inowanikwa chero nguva nekudzvanya Alt + 1, kana sezvinhu zvekutanga zvesaiti paunenge uchifamba nekhibhodi. Iyo yekumashure maitiro zvakare inobata yakakonzeresa popups nekufambisa iyo keyboard inotarisa kwavari pavanenge vangooneka, uye isingabvumire iyo yekutarisa kudonha kunze kwayo.

   Vashandisi vanogona zvakare kushandisa mapfupi akadai se "M" (mamenu), "H" (misoro), "F" (mafomu), "B" (mabhatani), uye "G" (mifananidzo) kusvetukira kune zvimwe zvinhu.

Hurema profiles inotsigirwa mune yedu webhusaiti

• Epilepsy Safe Mode: chimiro ichi chinoita kuti vanhu vane pfari vashandise webhusaiti zvisina njodzi nekubvisa njodzi yekubatwa nepfari inokonzerwa nekupenya kana kubwaira mifananidzo uye misanganiswa yemavara ine njodzi.
• Mamiriro Asina Kuonekwa: iyi modhi inogadzirisa webhusaiti kuitira nyore kwevashandisi vane hurema hwekuona hwakadai seDegrading Eyesight, Tunnel Vision, Cataract, Glaucoma, nezvimwe.
• Cognitive Disability Mode: iyi modhi inopa akasiyana ekubatsira sarudzo kubatsira vashandisi vane kutadza kwekuziva senge Dyslexia, Autism, CVA, uye vamwe, kutarisa pazvinhu zvakakosha zvewebhusaiti zviri nyore.
• ADHD Hushamwari Mode: iyi modhi inobatsira vashandisi vane ADHD uye Neurodevelopmental kusagadzikana kuverenga, kutarisa, uye kutarisa kune makuru webhusaiti zvinhu zviri nyore uku ichideredza zvakanyanya zvinokanganisa.
• Bofu Mode: iyi modhi inogadzirisa webhusaiti kuti ienderane nevanoverenga skrini seJAWS, NVDA, VoiceOver, uye TalkBack. Screen-reader isoftware yevashandisi mapofu iyo yakaiswa pakombuta uye smartphone, uye mawebhusaiti anofanirwa kuenderana nawo.
• Keyboard Navigation Profile (Motor-Impaired): iyi mbiri inogonesa vanhu vasina mota kuti vashandise webhusaiti vachishandisa keyboard Tab, Shift+Tab, uye Enter makiyi. Vashandisi vanogonawo kushandisa mapfupi akadai sekuti “M” (mamenu), “H” (misoro), “F” (mafomu), “B” (mabhatani), uye “G” (mifananidzo) kusvetukira kune zvakati zvinhu.

Kuwedzera UI, dhizaini, uye kuverenga kuverenga

1. Kugadziriswa kwemafonti - vashandisi, inogona kuwedzera nekudzikisa saizi yayo, shandura mhuri yayo (rudzi), gadzirisa nzvimbo, kurongeka, kureba kwemutsara, nezvimwe.
2. Kugadziriswa kwemavara - vashandisi vanogona kusarudza akasiyana mavara akasiyana profiles akadai sechiedza, rima, inverted, uye monochrome. Pamusoro pezvo, vashandisi vanogona kuchinjisa marongero emavara emazita, zvinyorwa, uye kumashure, neanopfuura manomwe akasiyana emavara esarudzo.
3. Mifananidzo - munhu ane pfari anogona kumisa mifananidzo yese nekudzvanya bhatani. Mifananidzo inodzorwa neiyo interface inosanganisira mavhidhiyo, maGIF, uye CSS inopenya shanduko.
4. Kuratidzira zvemukati - vashandisi vanogona kusarudza kusimbisa zvakakosha zvakadai semasangano nemazita. Ivo vanogona zvakare kusarudza kuratidza dzakatariswa kana dzakasimudzwa zvinhu chete.
5. Audio kunyarara - vashandisi vane michina yekunzwa vanogona kutemwa nemusoro kana zvimwewo nyaya nekuda kwekuridza otomatiki kuridza. Iyi sarudzo inoita kuti vashandisi vataure iyo webhusaiti ipapo ipapo.
6. Cognitive disorders - isu tinoshandisa injini yekutsvaga yakabatana neWikipedia neWiktionary, tichibvumira vanhu vane dambudziko rekuziva kuti vadudzire zvinorehwa nemitsara, mavambo, slang, nezvimwe.
7. Mamwe mabasa - isu tinopa vashandisi sarudzo yekuchinja cursor ruvara uye saizi, shandisa dhinda modhi, gonesa kiibhodhi chaiyo, uye mamwe akawanda mabasa.

Browser uye inobatsira tekinoroji inoenderana

Isu tinovavarira kutsigira ruzhinji rwakakura kwazvo rwemabhurawuza uye tekinoroji yekubatsira sezvinobvira, kuti vashandisi vedu vagone kuvasarudzira maturusi akanyanya kuvakwanira, vaine zvipingamupinyi zvishoma sezvinobvira. Naizvozvo, takashanda nesimba kuti tikwanise kutsigira masisitimu makuru anosanganisira anopfuura makumi mapfumbamwe neshanu muzana emusika wemushandisi wemushandisi anosanganisira Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Apple Safari, Opera neMicrosoft Edge, JAWS uye NVDA (screen readers).

Manotsi, makomenti, uye mhinduro

Zvisinei nekuedza kwedu kukuru kubvumira chero munhu kugadzirisa webhusaiti kune zvavanoda. Panogona kunge kuchine mapeji kana zvikamu zvisingasvikike zvizere, zviri mushishi rekusvikika, kana kuti zviri kushaya mhinduro yetekinoroji yakakwana yekuita kuti zviwanikwe. Zvakadaro, isu tiri kuramba tichinatsiridza kuwanikwa kwedu, kuwedzera, kuvandudza nekuvandudza sarudzo dzayo uye maficha, nekugadzira uye kutora matekinoroji matsva. Zvese izvi zvinoitirwa kusvika padanho rakakwana rekuwanikwa, zvichitevera kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji. Kune chero rubatsiro, ndapota svika kune [email inodzivirirwa]