Vital Essentials

Isimo sokuthobela

Sikholelwa ngokungagungqiyo ukuba i-intanethi kufuneka ifumaneke kwaye ifikeleleke kuye nabani na, kwaye sizibophelele ekuboneleleni ngewebhusayithi efikeleleka kubaphulaphuli ababanzi kangangoko, nokuba imeko ithini na kunye namandla.

Ukufezekisa oku, sizimisele ukubambelela ngokungqongqo kwi-World Wide Web Consortium's (W3C) kwi-Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.1 (WCAG 2.1) kwinqanaba le-AA. Ezi zikhokelo zichaza indlela yokwenza umxholo wewebhu ufikeleleke kubantu abakhubazeke ngokubanzi. Ukuthobela ezo zikhokelo kusinceda siqinisekise ukuba iwebhusayithi iyafikeleleka kubo bonke abantu: abantu abaziimfama, abantu abaneziphene, ukungaboni kakuhle, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, nokunye okuninzi.

Le webhusayithi isebenzisa itekhnoloji eyahlukeneyo eyenzelwe ukuba ifikeleleke ngalo lonke ixesha. Sisebenzisa ukufikeleleka okuvumela abantu abakhubazekileyo ukuba bahlengahlengise i-UI yewebhusayithi (ujongano lomsebenzisi) kwaye bayilele iimfuno zabo.

Ukongeza, iwebhusayithi isebenzisa isicelo esisekwe kwi-AI eqhuba ngasemva kwaye ikhulisa inqanaba lokufikeleleka kwayo rhoqo. Esi sicelo silungisa i-HTML yewebhusayithi, ihlengahlengisa ukusebenza kwayo kunye nokuziphatha kwabafundi besikrini abasetyenziswa ngabasebenzisi abaziimfama, kunye nemisebenzi yekhibhodi esetyenziswa ngabantu abakhubazekileyo.

Ukuba ufumene ukungasebenzi kakuhle okanye unezimvo zokuphucula, siyakuvuyela ukuva kuwe. Ungafikelela kubasebenzisi bewebhusayithi ngokusebenzisa le imeyile ilandelayo [imeyile ikhuselwe]

Iscreen-reader kunye nekhibhodi yokuhamba

Iwebhusayithi yethu iphumeza iimpawu ze-ARIA (Inkqubo yokuNgena ngeZicelo ze-Intanethi), ecaleni kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuziphatha, ukuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzisi abangaboniyo abatyelele abafundi bescreen bayakwazi ukufunda, ukuqonda, kunye nokonwabela imisebenzi yewebhusayithi. Ngokukhawuleza ukuba umsebenzisi onomfundi wescreen angene kwindawo yakho, bakhawuleza bafumane ukukhawulezisa ukuba bangene kwiProfayili yoMfundi weScreen ukuze babenakho ukukhangela kwaye basebenzise indawo yakho ngokufanelekileyo. Nantsi indlela iwebhusayithi yethu egubungela ngayo ezona mfuno zibalulekileyo zokufunda isikrini, ecaleni kweefowuni zekhonsoli yemizekelo yekhowudi:

1. Ulungiselelo lwesifundi sesikrini: siqhuba inkqubo yangasemva efunda amacandelo ewebhusayithi ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa okuqhubekayo naxa uhlaziya iwebhusayithi. Kule nkqubo, sibonelela abafundi besikrini ngedatha enentsingiselo kusetyenziswa iseti yeempawu ze-ARIA. Umzekelo, sinika iilebhile zeefomu ezichanekileyo; iinkcazo zee-icon ezinokusetyenziswa (imifanekiso yemidiya yoluntu, imifanekiso yokukhangela, imifanekiso yenqwelo, njl.); isikhokelo sokuqinisekiswa kwamagalelo efomu; iindima zezinto ezifana namaqhosha, iimenyu, iingxoxo zemodal (iipopups), kunye nezinye. Ukongezelela, inkqubo yangasemva ihlola yonke imifanekiso yewebhusayithi kwaye inikezela ngenkcazo echanekileyo kunye nentsingiselo-into-esekelwe kumfanekiso-into-ukuqonda njenge-ALT (umbhalo ongomnye) wethegi yemifanekiso engachazwanga. Iya kukhupha kwakhona iitekisi ezifakwe ngaphakathi komfanekiso, usebenzisa i-OCR (i-optical character recognition) iteknoloji. Ukuvula uhlengahlengiso lwesifundi sesikrini nangaliphi na ixesha, abasebenzisi bafuna ukucofa i Alt+1 indibaniselwano yebhodi yezitshixo. Abasebenzisi bescreen-reader bafumana izibhengezo ezizenzekelayo ukuvula imowudi yesifundi seSkrini ngokukhawuleza bakungena kwiwebhusayithi.

   Olu hlengahlengiso luyahambelana nabo bonke abafundi abadumileyo bescreen, kubandakanya i-JAWS kunye ne-NVDA.

2. I-keyboard yokukhangela ugqibelelo: Inkqubo yangasemva iphinda ihlengahlengise i-HTML yewebhusayithi, kwaye yongeza iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuziphatha usebenzisa ikhowudi yeJavaScript ukwenza iwebhusayithi isebenze ngekhibhodi. Oku kubandakanya ukukwazi ukuzulazula kwiwebhusayithi usebenzisa iTab kunye neShift + izitshixo zeTab, sebenzisa ukwehla ngezitshixo zotolo, uzivale nge-Esc, amaqhosha okucupha kunye namakhonkco usebenzisa isitshixo se-Enter, jonga phakathi kwerediyo kunye nezinto zebhokisi yokukhangela usebenzisa izitshixo zotolo, kwaye zigcwalise nge-Spacebar okanye i-Enter key.Ukongezelela, abasebenzisi bebhodibhodi baya kufumana ukukhangela ngokukhawuleza kunye nemenyu yokunqumla umxholo, ekhoyo nanini na ngokuchofoza i-Alt + 1, okanye njengezinto zokuqala zesayithi ngelixa uhamba ngebhodibhodi. Inkqubo yangasemva ikwaphatha ii-popups ezibangelwe ngokuhambisa i-keyboard ijolise kubo kamsinya nje ukuba ivele, kwaye ingavumeli ugqaliselo lukhukuliseke ngaphandle kwayo.

   Abasebenzisi banakho ukusebenzisa iindlela ezimfutshane ezinje ngo “M” (amamenyu), “H” (izihloko), “F” (iifom), “B” (amaqhosha), kunye no “G” (imizobo) ukutsiba kwizinto ezithile.

Iiprofayili zokukhubazeka zixhaswa kwiwebhusayithi yethu

• Indlela Ekhuselekileyo Yesifo sokuwa: le profayile yenza ukuba abantu abaxhuzulayo basebenzise iwebhusayithi ngokukhuselekileyo ngokususa umngcipheko wokuxhuzula obangelwa kukudanyaza okanye ukuqhwanyaza kwemifanekiso eshukumayo kunye nendibaniselwano yemibala eyingozi.
• Imo Yokungaboni kakuhle: le modi ilungelelanisa i-website ukwenzela ukuba kube lula kubasebenzisi abanokukhubazeka okubonakalayo okufana nokuthotywa kwamehlo, iTunnel Vision, iCataract, iGlaucoma, kunye nabanye.
• Imo yoKhubazeko lwengqondo: le modi ibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokunceda ukunceda abasebenzisi abanokukhubazeka kwengqondo njenge-Dyslexia, i-Autism, i-CVA, kunye nabanye, ukugxila kwizinto ezibalulekileyo zewebhusayithi ngokulula ngakumbi.
• Imowudi elungele i-ADHD: le mowudi inceda abasebenzisi abane-ADHD kunye nokuphazamiseka kwe-Neurodevelopmental ukufunda, ukukhangela, kunye nokugxila kwizinto eziphambili zewebhusayithi ngokulula ngelixa unciphisa kakhulu iziphazamiso.
• Imo Yobumfama: le mowudi iqwalasela iwebhusayithi ukuba ihambelane nabafundi besikrini njengeJAWS, NVDA, VoiceOver, kunye neTalkBack. Isifundi sesikrini yisoftware yabasebenzisi abangaboniyo efakwe kwikhompyuter kunye ne-smartphone, kwaye iiwebhusayithi kufuneka zihambelane nayo.
• I-Keyboard Navigation Profile (iMotor-Impaired): le nkangeleko yenza ukuba abantu abanemoto basebenze iwebhusayithi besebenzisa i-keyboard Tab, Shift+Tab, kunye nezitshixo ze-Enter. Abasebenzisi banokusebenzisa iindlela ezimfutshane ezifana no-“M” (iimenyu), “H” (izihloko), “F” (iifomu), “B” (amaqhosha), kunye no-“G” (imizobo) ukutsibela kwizinto ezithile.

Ukongeza i-UI, uyilo, kunye nohlengahlengiso lokufundeka

1. Uhlengahlengiso lwefonti - abasebenzisi, banokunyusa kwaye banciphise ubungakanani bayo, batshintshe usapho lwayo (uhlobo), lungisa izithuba, ulungelelwaniso, ubude bomgca, kunye nokunye.
2. Uhlengahlengiso lombala- abasebenzisi banokukhetha iiprofayili ezahlukeneyo zokuchasa imibala ezinje ngokukhanya, kumnyama, kuguqulwe, kunye ne-monochrome. Ukongeza, abasebenzisi banokutshintshisa izikimu zemibala yezihloko, izicatshulwa, kunye nemvelaphi, ngeendlela ezisixhenxe ezahlukeneyo zemibala.
3. Oopopayi - Umntu onesifo sokuwa unokuyeka yonke imifanekiso eshukumayo ngokucofa iqhosha. Oopopayi abalawulwa lujongano lubandakanya iividiyo, iiGIFs, kunye notshintsho oludanyazayo lweCSS.
4. Ukuqaqambisa umxholo - Abasebenzisi banokukhetha ukugxininisa izinto ezibalulekileyo ezinje ngezixhumanisi kunye nezihloko. Banokukhetha ukuqaqambisa izinto ezijolise kuzo okanye ezinde
5. Ukucima umsindo- abasebenzisi abanezixhobo zokuva banokufumana iintloko okanye eminye imiba ngenxa yokudlala ngokuzenzekelayo. Olu khetho luvumela abasebenzisi ukuba bathule yonke iwebhusayithi ngokukhawuleza.
6. Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo - sisebenzisa i-injini yokukhangela edityaniswe kwi-Wikipedia kunye ne-Wiktionary, ivumela abantu abanengxaki yokuqonda ukuba baqonde iintsingiselo zamabinzana, ii-initials, slang, kunye nezinye.
7. Imisebenzi eyongezelelweyo - sibonelela abasebenzisi ukhetho lokutshintsha umbala wekhesa kunye nobungakanani, sebenzisa indlela yoshicilelo, yenza ikhibhodi enenyani, kunye neminye imisebenzi emininzi.

Isikhangeli kunye nokuhambelana kwetekhnoloji yokuncedisa

Sijonge ukuxhasa uluhlu olubanzi lweebhrawuza kunye neetekhnoloji ezincedisayo kangangoko sinako, ukuze abasebenzisi bethu bakhethe ezona zixhobo zibafaneleyo, kunye nemida embalwa kangangoko. Ngoko ke, sisebenze nzima kakhulu ukuba sikwazi ukuxhasa zonke iinkqubo eziphambili ezibandakanya ngaphezu kwe-95% yesabelo semarike yomsebenzisi kuquka i-Google Chrome, i-Mozilla Firefox, i-Apple Safari, i-Opera kunye ne-Microsoft Edge, i-JAWS kunye ne-NVDA (abafundi besikrini).

Amanqaku, amagqabantshintshi kunye nengxelo

Ngaphandle kwemizamo yethu yokuvumela nabani na ukuba alungelelanise iwebhusayithi kwiimfuno zabo. Kusenokubakho amaphepha okanye amacandelo angafikelelekiyo ngokupheleleyo, akwinkqubo yokufikeleleka, okanye ayasilela isisombululo esaneleyo sobuchwephesha ukuze afikeleleke. Sekunjalo, sihlala siphucula ukufikelela kwethu, ukongeza, ukuhlaziya kunye nokuphucula ukhetho kunye neempawu, kunye nokuphuhlisa kunye nokwamkela ubuchwepheshe obutsha. Konke oku kwenzelwa ukufikelela kwelona nqanaba liphezulu lokufikeleleka, kulandela inkqubela phambili yobuchwepheshe. Ngalo naluphi na uncedo, nceda ufikelele [imeyile ikhuselwe]