Imikhiqizo Emisha Namasevisi

Isimo sokuhambisana

Sikholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi i-inthanethi kufanele itholakale futhi ifinyeleleke kunoma ubani, futhi sizibophezele ekunikezeni iwebhusayithi efinyeleleka kubabukeli abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, kungakhathaliseki isimo nekhono.

Ukufeza lokhu, sihlose ukunamathela ngokuqinile ngangokunokwenzeka kwizinkombandlela ze-Web Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.1 (WCAG 2.1) ezingeni le-AA. Le mihlahlandlela ichaza ukuthi kungenziwa kanjani ukuthi okuqukethwe kwewebhu kufinyeleleke kubantu abanenqwaba yokukhubazeka. Ukulandela leyo mihlahlandlela kusisiza ukuthi siqinisekise ukuthi iwebhusayithi iyatholakala kubo bonke abantu: abantu abangaboni, abantu abanokukhubazeka kwezimoto, ukukhubazeka okubukwayo, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, nokuningi.

Le webhusayithi isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene obenzelwe ukuthi bufinyeleleke ngangokunokwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi. Sisebenzisa isikhombimsebenzisi sokungeneka esivumela abantu abanokukhubazeka okuthile ukuthi balungise i-UI yewebhusayithi (isikhombimsebenzisi somsebenzisi) futhi bayidizayinele izidingo zabo.

Ukwengeza, iwebhusayithi isebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza olususelwa ku-AI olusebenza ngemuva futhi luthuthukisa izinga layo lokufinyeleleka njalo. Lolu hlelo lokusebenza lulungisa i-HTML yewebhusayithi, luvumelanise ukusebenza kwayo nokuziphatha kwezifundi-skrini ezisetshenziswa abasebenzisi abangaboni, kanye nemisebenzi yekhibhodi esetshenziswa abantu abakhubazekile.

Uma uthole ukungasebenzi kahle noma unemibono yokuthuthukisa, sizojabula ukuzwa kuwe. Ungathintana nabaqhubi bewebhusayithi ngokusebenzisa i-imeyili elandelayo [i-imeyili ivikelwe]

Screen-reader nekhibhodi navigation

Iwebhusayithi yethu isebenzisa inqubo ye-ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications), kanye nezinguquko ezahlukahlukene zokuziphatha, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzisi abangaboni abavakashela abafundi be-screen bayakwazi ukufunda, ukuqonda, nokujabulela imisebenzi yewebhusayithi. Lapho nje umsebenzisi onesifundi-skrini engena kusayithi lakho, ngokushesha bathola isikhuthazo sokufaka iPhrofayli ye-Screen-Reader ukuze bakwazi ukubhekabheka nokusebenzisa isayithi lakho ngempumelelo. Nakhu ukuthi iwebhusayithi yethu ihlanganisa kanjani ezinye zezidingo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokufunda isikrini, eceleni kwezithombe-skrini ze-console zezibonelo zekhodi:

1. Ukulungiselela isifundi-skrini: siqhuba inqubo yangemuva efunda izingxenye zewebhusayithi ukusuka phezulu kuye phansi, ukuze siqinisekise ukuthobela okuqhubekayo ngisho nalapho sibuyekeza iwebhusayithi. Kule nqubo, sihlinzeka abafundi besikrini ngedatha ephusile kusetshenziswa isethi yezibaluli ze-ARIA. Isibonelo, sihlinzeka ngamalebula efomu anembile; izincazelo zezithonjana ezingasetshenzwa (izithonjana zenkundla yezokuxhumana, izithonjana zosesho, izithonjana zezinqola, njll.); isiqondiso sokuqinisekisa sokufakwa kwefomu; izindima zama-elementi njengezinkinobho, amamenyu, izingxoxo ze-modal (ama-popup), nokunye. Ukwengeza, inqubo yangemuva iskena zonke izithombe zewebhusayithi futhi inikeze incazelo enembile nenengqondo esekelwe ekubonweni kwesithombe njengomaka we-ALT (omunye umbhalo) wezithombe ezingachazwanga. Izophinda ikhiphe imibhalo eshumekwe ngaphakathi kwesithombe, isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-OCR (i-optical character recognition). Ukuze uvule ukulungiswa kwesifundi sesikrini noma kunini, abasebenzisi badinga kuphela ukucindezela inhlanganisela yekhibhodi ye-Alt+1. Abasebenzisi be-Screen-reader bathola izimemezelo ezizenzakalelayo ukuze bavule imodi yesifundi sesikrini ngokushesha nje uma bengena kuwebhusayithi.

   Lezi zinguquko ziyahambisana nabo bonke abafundi besikrini abadumile, kufaka phakathi i-JAWS ne-NVDA.

2. Ukulungiselelwa kokuzulazula kwekhibhodi: Inqubo yasemuva iphinde ilungise i-HTML yewebhusayithi, futhi yengeze ukuziphatha okuhlukile kusetshenziswa ikhodi ye-JavaScript ukwenza iwebhusayithi isebenze ngekhibhodi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ikhono lokuzulazula kuwebhusayithi usebenzisa ukhiye we-Tab no-Shift+Tab, ukusebenzisa okwehliswayo ngokhiye bemicibisholo, ukukuvala ngo-Esc, izinkinobho zokucupha nezixhumanisi usebenzisa ukhiye othi Enter, uzulazule phakathi kwezinto zomsakazo nebhokisi lokuhlola usebenzisa okhiye bemicibisholo, futhi bagcwalise nge-Spacebar noma ukhiye we-Enter.Ukwengeza, abasebenzisi bekhibhodi bazothola amamenyu okuzulazula okusheshayo nawokweqa okuqukethwe, atholakala noma kunini ngokuchofoza u-Alt+1, noma njengezinto zokuqala zesayithi ngenkathi uzulazula ngekhibhodi. Inqubo yangemuva iphinde isingatha izigelekeqe ezicushiwe ngokuyisa ukugxilisa kwekhibhodi kuye ngokushesha nje lapho zivela, futhi ingavumeli ukukhukhuleka kokugxila ngaphandle kwayo.

   Abasebenzisi futhi bangasebenzisa izinqamuleli ezifana ne- “M” (amamenyu), “H” (izihloko), “F” (amafomu), “B” (izinkinobho), ne- “G” (imidwebo) ukuze bagxumele kuzinto ezithile.

Amaphrofayili okukhubazeka asekelwa kuwebhusayithi yethu

• I-Epilepsy Safe Mode: le phrofayela yenza abantu abanesifo sokuwa bakwazi ukusebenzisa iwebhusayithi ngokuphepha ngokususa ubungozi bokuquleka obubangelwa ukucwayiza noma ukucwayiza kwezithombe kanye nenhlanganisela yemibala eyingozi.
• Imodi Yokungaboni kahle: le modi ilungisa iwebhusayithi ukuze kube lula kubasebenzisi abanokukhubazeka kokubona okufana noDegrading Eyesight, Tunnel Vision, Cataract, Glaucoma, nokunye.
• Imodi yokukhubazeka kwengqondo: le modi inikeza izinketho ezihlukene zokusiza ukusiza abasebenzisi abanokukhubazeka kwengqondo okufana ne-Dyslexia, Autism, CVA, nezinye, ukugxila ezintweni ezibalulekile zewebhusayithi kalula.
• Imodi Enobungane ye-ADHD: le modi isiza abasebenzisi abane-ADHD kanye neziyaluyalu ze-Neurodevelopmental ukuthi bafunde, baphequlule, futhi bagxile kuma-elementi ewebhusayithi ayinhloko kalula kuyilapho benciphisa kakhulu iziphazamiso.
• Imodi yobumpumputhe: le modi ilungiselela iwebhusayithi ukuthi ihambisane nezifundi-skrini ezifana ne-JAWS, NVDA, VoiceOver, ne-TalkBack. Isifundi-skrini isofthiwe yabasebenzisi abayizimpumputhe efakwe kukhompuyutha kanye ne-smartphone, futhi amawebhusayithi kufanele ahambisane nayo.
• Iphrofayela Yekhibhodi Yokuzulazula (I-Motor-Impaired): le phrofayela yenza abantu abakhubazekile bakwazi ukusebenzisa iwebhusayithi besebenzisa i-keyboard Tab, Shift+Tab, kanye nokhiye Faka. Abasebenzisi bangaphinda basebenzise izinqamuleli ezinjengokuthi “M” (amamenyu), “H” (izihloko), “F” (amafomu), “B” (izinkinobho), kanye no-“G” (izithombe) ukuze bagxumele ezintweni ezithile.

Ukulungiswa kwe-UI okungeziwe, ukwakheka, nokufundeka

1. Ukulungiswa kwefonti - abasebenzisi, ingandisa futhi yehlise usayizi wayo, iguqule umndeni wayo (uhlobo), ilungise isikhala, ukuqondanisa, ukuphakama komugqa, nokunye.
2. Ukulungiswa kombala - abasebenzisi bangakhetha amaphrofayili ahlukahlukene wokugqama kwemibala njengokukhanya, okumnyama, okuhlanekezelwe, kanye ne-monochrome. Ukwengeza, abasebenzisi bangashintsha izikimu zemibala zezihloko, imibhalo, nesizinda, ngezinketho zombala ezingaphezu kwesikhombisa.
3. Izithombe - umuntu onesifo sokuwa angamisa zonke izithombe ezinyakazayo ngokuchofoza inkinobho. Opopayi abalawulwa isixhumi esibonakalayo bahlanganisa amavidiyo, ama-GIF, noshintsho olukhanyayo lwe-CSS.
4. Ukugqamisa okuqukethwe - abasebenzisi bangakhetha ukugcizelela izinto ezibalulekile njengezixhumanisi nezihloko. Bangakhetha futhi ukugqamisa izinto ezigxile noma eziphakanyisiwe kuphela.
5. Ukuthuliswa komsindo - abasebenzisi abanamadivayisi okuzwa bangezwa yikhanda noma ezinye izinkinga ngenxa yokudlala komsindo okuzenzakalelayo. Le nketho ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthulisa yonke iwebhusayithi ngokushesha.
6. Izinkinga zengqondo - sisebenzisa injini yokusesha exhunywe ku-Wikipedia kanye ne-Wiktionary, evumela abantu abanokuphazamiseka kwengqondo ukuthi bachaze izincazelo zemisho, amagama okuqala, isitsotsi, nokunye.
7. Imisebenzi eyengeziwe - sinikeza abasebenzisi inketho yokushintsha umbala wekhesa nosayizi, ukusebenzisa imodi yokuphrinta, ukunika amandla ikhibhodi ebonakalayo, neminye imisebenzi eminingi.

Ukuhambisana kobuchwepheshe besiphequluli nokusiza

Sihlose ukusekela uhlu olubanzi kakhulu lweziphequluli nobuchwepheshe obusizayo, ukuze abasebenzisi bethu bakwazi ukukhetha amathuluzi abafanele angcono kakhulu, ngemikhawulo embalwa ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, sisebenze kanzima ukuze sikwazi ukusekela zonke izinhlelo ezinkulu ezihlanganisa ngaphezu kuka-95% wesabelo semakethe yabasebenzisi okuhlanganisa i-Google Chrome, i-Mozilla Firefox, i-Apple Safari, i-Opera ne-Microsoft Edge, i-JAWS ne-NVDA (izifundi zesikrini).

Amanothi, ukuphawula, kanye nempendulo

Naphezu kwemizamo yethu emihle kakhulu yokuvumela noma ubani ukuthi alungise iwebhusayithi ngokuvumelana nezidingo zabo. Kungase kube namakhasi noma izigaba ezingafinyeleleki ngokugcwele, ezisendleleni yokufinyeleleka, noma ezingenaso isixazululo esanele sobuchwepheshe ukuze zifinyeleleke. Noma kunjalo, sihlala sithuthukisa ukufinyeleleka kwethu, sengeza, sibuyekeza futhi sithuthukisa izinketho nezici zayo, futhi sithuthukisa futhi samukela ubuchwepheshe obusha. Konke lokhu kwenzelwa ukufinyelela ezingeni eliphelele lokufinyeleleka, kulandela ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe. Ukuze uthole usizo, sicela uthinte [i-imeyili ivikelwe]